Hubungan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Minuman Isotonik, Asupan Natrium, dan Asupan Kalium terhadap Tingkat Kelelahan Atlet Taekwondo

Abstract

Taekwondo is a high-intensity sport that requires fluid and electrolyte balance to maintain physical performance. Electrolyte loss, particularly sodium and potassium, can affect neuromuscular function and increase the risk of fatigue in athletes. The consumption of isotonic beverages is often used as a rehydration strategy to help replace fluids and electrolytes lost during training and competition. This study aims to analyze the relationship between isotonic beverage consumption habits, sodium intake, and potassium intake with fatigue levels among taekwondo athletes in Karawang Regency. The study employed an observational design with a cross-sectional approach conducted in September–October 2025. The study sample consisted of 40 taekwondo athletes aged 15–22 years selected using total sampling. Fatigue levels were measured using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), while isotonic beverage consumption habits and mineral intake were analyzed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Sodium and potassium intake data were compared with the 2019 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Data analysis was performed using Spearman’s Rho test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (67.5%) and in the 19–29 age group (55%). Most athletes had insufficient sodium intake (95%) and potassium intake (77.5%), as well as moderate fatigue levels (70%). The analysis results showed no significant association between sodium intake (p=0.137), potassium intake (p=0.621), and the frequency of isotonic beverage consumption (p=0.090) with the fatigue levels of taekwondo athletes. This study indicates that athlete fatigue is multifactorial and can be influenced by other factors such as training intensity, sleep quality, rest duration, academic pressure, and psychological condition.