Asuhan Gizi pada Pasien Anak dengan Hipokalemia, Meningitis, dan Malnutrisi di Ruang Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22487/7s67sx79Keywords:
Asuhan Gizi, Hipokalemia, Meningitis, Malnutrisi, PICUAbstract
Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan pasien anak dengan penyakit kritis di ruang Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), sebanyak 84% mengalami ketidakseimbangan elektrolit. Anak dengan malnutrisi berat memiliki cadangan kalium tubuh yang rendah akibat asupan yang tidak adekuat dan kehilangan kalium melalui diare atau muntah. Hal tersebut diperparah akibat anak menderita penyakit infeksi, seperti meningitis. Penelitianjenis studi kasusini bertujuanuntuk memberikan asuhan gizi pada pasien anak dengan hipokalemia berat, meningitis, dan malnutrisi berat dengan mengembalikan keseimbangan elektrolit, meningkatkan status gizi, dan menurunkan risiko re-feeding syndrome. Studi kasus dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2025 pada pasien rawat inap anak di Ruang PICU RSPAL DR. Ramelan Surabaya. Kasus penelitian dipilih berdasarkan kriteria pasien rawat inap dengan komplikasi penyakit kritis, yakni hipokalemia, meningitis dan malnutrisi. Pengumpulan data dimulai dengan melakukan skrining gizi dan tahapan asesmen, diagnosis, intervensi, monitoring dan evaluasi (ADIME). Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasi, mengkaji data rekam medis, dan wawancara asupan makan melalui metode Food Recall 24-hours selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan asuhan gizi dengan diet TETP yang diberikan secara bertahap, baik pemenuhan kebutuhan, bentuk makanan maupun rute pemberian kepada anak dengan hipokalemia, meningitis dan malnutrisi, dapatmemberikan perbaikan kadar kalium dan asupan energi dan protein secara bertahap mencapai target minimal 60% pada hari ketigastudi kasus. Monitoring dan evaluasi terhadap kondisi fisik dan klinis seperti fungsi otot, gerakan ekstrimitas, tekanan darah, denyut nadi, suhu tubuh dan laju pernafasan pasienberada dalam status normal. Peningkatan berat badan belum bisa dievaluasi karena keterbatasan kondisi fisik pasien saat pengukuran, sehingga direkomendasikan RS menggunakan alat the Paediatric Advanced Weight-Prediction in the Emergency Room (PAWPER).
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