Status Gizi dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Penerima Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Kota Gorontalo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22487/y8rk4y12Keywords:
Anak Sekolah Dasar, Fungsi Kognitif, Makan Bergizi Gratis, Pertumbuhan Anak, Status GiziAbstract
Prevalensi kekurangan gizi dan kelebihan gizi masih tinggi di kalangan anak anak Indonesia. Program Makan Bergizi Gratis merupakan kebijakan nasional untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan perkembangan anak. Keberhasilan kesejahteraan dan perkembangan dapat dilihat melalui status gizi dan fungsi kognitif yang baik. Anak usia sekolah yang menderita kesehatan dan gizi yang buruk mengalami perubahan fisiologis yang mengganggu perkembangan kognitif mereka. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi dan fungsi kognitif pada anak sekolah dasar penerima program makan bergizi gratis di Kecamatan Kota Tengah Kota Gorontalo melalui metode deskriptif kuantitatif melibatkan 147 siswa kelas lima di dua sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Kota Tengah, menggunakan pendekatan total sampling. Data status gizi didapat dengan cara mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan dan data fungsi kognitif dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner Mini Mental State Pediatric Examination. Analisis data univariat menggunakan frekuensi distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan siswa dengan indikator Berat Badan/Tinggi Badan normal (35,4%), gizi kurang (32,0%), obesitas (23,1%), dan gizi lebih (9,5%). Tidak didapatkan siswa dengan gizi buruk. Indikator IMT/U menunjukkan siswa dengan gizi normal (58,5%), obesitas (17%), gizi kurang (12,9%), dan gizi lebih (11,6%). Hasil fungsi kognitif didapatkan 100,0% siswa memiliki fungsi kognitif baik. Sebagian besar siswa mempunyai status gizi normal dan seluruh siswa memiliki fungsi kognitif yang baik di dua sekolah meskipun masih ditemukan kasus gizi kurang dan obesitas pada sebagian siswa. Sebagai saran, program makan bergizi gratis perlu dievaluasi rutin agar dapat terlihat perubahan yang signifikan pada status gizi dan fungsi kognitif.
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