Emergency Department Nurses’ Experiences with Needlestick Injury: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Needlestick injury (NSI) poses a significant occupational hazard for healthcare workers, particularly nurses, due to the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Emergency department nurses are especially vulnerable because they frequently perform invasive procedures under time pressure and in unpredictable clinical situations. This study aimed to explore the experiences of emergency department nurses in managing needlestick injuries and to identify the challenges and preventive practices associated with these incidents. A descriptive phenomenological approach was applied with nine nurses who were purposively selected based on their experience with needlestick injuries. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically to identify patterns and meanings within participants’ experiences. The findings revealed that needlestick injuries commonly occurred during high-pressure emergency procedures, particularly when nurses had to work rapidly and manage patients with unpredictable movements. Following an incident, nurses experienced emotional responses including fear, anxiety, worry about bloodborne infection, and psychological trauma. Participants emphasized the importance of strict adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), consistent use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), safe handling and disposal of sharps, and prompt reporting of occupational incidents. The findings also highlighted the need for accessible post-exposure support and clear institutional procedures. The study concludes that comprehensive hospital support, including technical training, stress management, occupational health services, and effective incident-reporting systems, is crucial for strengthening preventive practices, reducing the psychological impact of needlestick injuries, and improving nurses’ occupational safety.