Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Rumah Tangga Penyitas Bencana Pasca 4 Tahun Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami Kota Palu
Article History
Submited : October 24, 2022
Published : December 27, 2022
Keywords:
Masalah ketahanan pangan dan gizi merupakan masalah yang selalu terjadi pasca terjadinya suatu bencana alam. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis ketahanan pangan dan gizi rumah tangga penyintas bencana pasca 4 tahun gempa bumi dan tsunami di Kota Palu. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada Agustus - Oktober 2022 di kawasan hunian tetap (huntap) para penyintas bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami tahun 2018 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 rumah tangga yang diambil secara acak proporsional. Responden adalah kepala rumah tangga atau pasangannya. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah karakteristik sosial ekonomi melalui wawancara dengan mengunakan kuesioner, status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga diukur dengan menggunakan HFIAS (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale), dan status gizi balita diukur secara antropometri dengan perhitungan nilai z-score menggunakan software WHO-Antro 2005. Hasil menunjukan rumah tangga tahan pangan 46,9%, rawan pangan tingkat ringan 28,1%, tingkat sedang 15,6%, dan rawan pangan tingkat berat 9,4%. Sedangkan status gizi balita menunjukan underweight 18.7 %, stunted 30.2%, dan wasted 15.6%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan status ketahanan pangan adalah tingkat pendapatan dan pendidikan kepala rumah tangga (p<0,05). Ketahanan pangan juga memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan status stunted (p<0,05). Program yang bertujuan dalam rangka peningkatan penghasilan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi rumah tannga masih perlu diberikan pada para penyintas bencana.
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Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI. (2014). Buku Studi Diet Total: Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu Indonesia 2014. Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Bashir, M. K., & Schilizzi, S. (2013). Determinants of rural household food security: A comparative analysis of African and Asian studies: Determinants of rural household food security. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1251–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6038
BKP. (2018). Laporan Tahunan Badan Ketahanan Pangan Tahun 2017. Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian RI. http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/storage/app/media/Evalap/laporan-tahunan-2017-1.pdf
Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: Indicator guide: Version 3.
de Onis, M., Borghi, E., Arimond, M., Webb, P., Croft, T., Saha, K., De-Regil, L. M., Thuita, F., Heidkamp, R., Krasevec, J., Hayashi, C., & Flores-Ayala, R. (2019). Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002434
FAO. (2019). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019. Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Food Agricultural Organization.
Gowda, C., Hadley, C., & Aiello, A. E. (2012). The Association Between Food Insecurity and Inflammation in the US Adult Population. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), 1579–1586. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300551
Harris, J., & Nisbett, N. (2020). The basic determinants of malnutrition: Resources, structures, ideas and power.
Herrera-Fontana, M., Chisaguano, A. M., Villagomez, V., Pozo, L., Villar, M., Castro, N., & Beltran, P. (2020). Food insecurity and malnutrition in vulnerable households with children under 5 years on the Ecuadorian coast: A post-earthquake analysis. Rural and Remote Health. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH5237
Ibukun, C. O., & Adebayo, A. A. (2021). Household food security and the COVID‐19 pandemic in Nigeria. African Development Review, 33, S75–S87.
Ivers, L. C., & Cullen, K. A. (2011). Food insecurity: Special considerations for women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1740S-1744S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012617
Jones, A. D., Ngure, F. M., Pelto, G., & Young, S. L. (2013). What are we assessing when we measure food security? A compendium and review of current metrics. Advances in Nutrition, 4(5), 481–505.
Kansiime, M. K., Tambo, J. A., Mugambi, I., Bundi, M., Kara, A., & Owuor, C. (2021). COVID-19 implications on household income and food security in Kenya and Uganda: Findings from a rapid assessment. World Development, 137, 105199.
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kemenkes RI. https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021/
Kirsch, MD, T. D., Leidman, MSPH, E., Weiss, DrPH, W., & Doocy, PhD, S. (2012). The impact of the earthquake and humanitarian assistance on household economies and livelihoods of earthquake-affected populations in Haiti. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 7(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2012.0084
Kundu, S., Banna, Md. H. A., Sayeed, A., Sultana, Mst. S., Brazendale, K., Harris, J., Mandal, M., Jahan, I., Abid, M. T., & Khan, M. S. I. (2021). Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition, 24(5), 1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020005042
Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D. W., Klar, J., & Lwanga, S. K. (1997). Besar sampel dalam penelitian kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University.
Mahmudiono, T., Nindya, T. S., Andrias, D. R., Megatsari, H., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2018). Household food insecurity as a predictor of stunted children and overweight/obese mothers (SCOWT) in urban Indonesia. Nutrients, 10(5), 535.
Misselhorn, A. A. (2005). What drives food insecurity in southern Africa? A meta-analysis of household economy studies. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 33–43.
Moradi, S., Mirzababaei, A., Mohammadi, H., Moosavian, S. P., Arab, A., Jannat, B., & Mirzaei, K. (2019). Food insecurity and the risk of undernutrition complications among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition, 62, 52–60.
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2015). Stunting Is Associated with Food Diversity while Wasting with Food Insecurity among Underfive Children in East and West Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0133542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133542
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2016). Level and determinants of food insecurity in East and West Gojjam zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A community based comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–13.
Mukhopadhyay, D. K., & Biswas, A. (2011). Food security and anthropometric failure among tribal children in Bankura, West Bengal. Indian Pediatrics, 48(4), 311–314.
Nurulfuadi, N., Ariani, A., Hartini, D. A., Aiman, U., Nadila, D., Rahman, A., & Husna, S. (2021). Permasalahan gizi pada anak balita pasca gempa: Studi kasus di Palu, Sigi, dan Donggala. Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(1), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v12i1.302
Pemprov Sulteng. (2018). Laporan Finalisasi Data dan Informasi Bencana Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Likuifaksi di Sulawesi Tengah Per Tanggal 20 Des 2018.
Rosyadi, I., & Purnomo, D. (2012). Tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di desa tertinggal. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 13(2), 303–315.
Saaka, M., & Osman, S. M. (2013). Does Household Food Insecurity Affect the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children Aged 6–36 Months? International Journal of Population Research, 2013, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/304169
Salarkia, N., Abdollahi, M., Amini, M., & Neyestani, T. R. (2014). An adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale is a valid tool as a proxy measure of food access for use in urban Iran. Food Security, 6(2), 275–282.
Slater, T., & Birchall, S. J. (2022). Growing resilient: The potential of urban agriculture for increasing food security and improving earthquake recovery. Cities, 131, 103930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103930
Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.018
Syafiq, A., Fikawati, S., & Gemily, S. C. (2022). Household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and semi-urban areas in Indonesia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 41(1), 1–8.
Taruvinga, A., Muchenje, V., & Mushunje, A. (2013). Determinants of rural household dietary diversity: The case of Amatole and Nyandeni districts, South Africa. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(4), 2233–2247.
Thorne-Lyman, A. L., K. C., A., Manohar, S., Shrestha, B., Nonyane, B. A. S., Neupane, S., Bhandari, S., Klemm, R. D., Webb, P., & West, K. P. (2018). Nutritional resilience in Nepal following the earthquake of 2015. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0205438. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205438
United Nation. (2022). THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Vogenthaler, N. S., Kushel, M. B., Hadley, C., Frongillo, E. A., Riley, E. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Weiser, S. D. (2013). Food Insecurity and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Homeless and Marginally Housed HIV-Infected Individuals in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior, 17(5), 1688–1693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0355-2
World Health Organization. (2019). Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS) country profile indicators: Interpretation guide (2nd ed). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332223
Yusuf, A. M., Tenrisau, D., Hidayanti, H., Ibrahim, A. H., Bahar, A., Sarifudin, S., Tahir, Y., Adhyanti, A., & Alfiah, E. (2022). Family Vulnerability and Children’Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region, 5(2), 74–82.
Azizi, A., Imani, H., Mirzaei, K., & Farsani, G. M. (2020). Investigating the Food Security of Children’s Household in Earthquake-Stricken Areas of Kermanshah. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 1, 125.
Balitbangkes. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018 Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI. (2014). Buku Studi Diet Total: Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu Indonesia 2014. Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Bashir, M. K., & Schilizzi, S. (2013). Determinants of rural household food security: A comparative analysis of African and Asian studies: Determinants of rural household food security. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1251–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6038
BKP. (2018). Laporan Tahunan Badan Ketahanan Pangan Tahun 2017. Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian RI. http://bkp.pertanian.go.id/storage/app/media/Evalap/laporan-tahunan-2017-1.pdf
Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: Indicator guide: Version 3.
de Onis, M., Borghi, E., Arimond, M., Webb, P., Croft, T., Saha, K., De-Regil, L. M., Thuita, F., Heidkamp, R., Krasevec, J., Hayashi, C., & Flores-Ayala, R. (2019). Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002434
FAO. (2019). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019. Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Food Agricultural Organization.
Gowda, C., Hadley, C., & Aiello, A. E. (2012). The Association Between Food Insecurity and Inflammation in the US Adult Population. American Journal of Public Health, 102(8), 1579–1586. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300551
Harris, J., & Nisbett, N. (2020). The basic determinants of malnutrition: Resources, structures, ideas and power.
Herrera-Fontana, M., Chisaguano, A. M., Villagomez, V., Pozo, L., Villar, M., Castro, N., & Beltran, P. (2020). Food insecurity and malnutrition in vulnerable households with children under 5 years on the Ecuadorian coast: A post-earthquake analysis. Rural and Remote Health. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH5237
Ibukun, C. O., & Adebayo, A. A. (2021). Household food security and the COVID‐19 pandemic in Nigeria. African Development Review, 33, S75–S87.
Ivers, L. C., & Cullen, K. A. (2011). Food insecurity: Special considerations for women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1740S-1744S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012617
Jones, A. D., Ngure, F. M., Pelto, G., & Young, S. L. (2013). What are we assessing when we measure food security? A compendium and review of current metrics. Advances in Nutrition, 4(5), 481–505.
Kansiime, M. K., Tambo, J. A., Mugambi, I., Bundi, M., Kara, A., & Owuor, C. (2021). COVID-19 implications on household income and food security in Kenya and Uganda: Findings from a rapid assessment. World Development, 137, 105199.
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kemenkes RI. https://www.litbang.kemkes.go.id/buku-saku-hasil-studi-status-gizi-indonesia-ssgi-tahun-2021/
Kirsch, MD, T. D., Leidman, MSPH, E., Weiss, DrPH, W., & Doocy, PhD, S. (2012). The impact of the earthquake and humanitarian assistance on household economies and livelihoods of earthquake-affected populations in Haiti. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 7(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2012.0084
Kundu, S., Banna, Md. H. A., Sayeed, A., Sultana, Mst. S., Brazendale, K., Harris, J., Mandal, M., Jahan, I., Abid, M. T., & Khan, M. S. I. (2021). Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition, 24(5), 1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020005042
Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D. W., Klar, J., & Lwanga, S. K. (1997). Besar sampel dalam penelitian kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University.
Mahmudiono, T., Nindya, T. S., Andrias, D. R., Megatsari, H., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2018). Household food insecurity as a predictor of stunted children and overweight/obese mothers (SCOWT) in urban Indonesia. Nutrients, 10(5), 535.
Misselhorn, A. A. (2005). What drives food insecurity in southern Africa? A meta-analysis of household economy studies. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 33–43.
Moradi, S., Mirzababaei, A., Mohammadi, H., Moosavian, S. P., Arab, A., Jannat, B., & Mirzaei, K. (2019). Food insecurity and the risk of undernutrition complications among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition, 62, 52–60.
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2015). Stunting Is Associated with Food Diversity while Wasting with Food Insecurity among Underfive Children in East and West Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0133542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133542
Motbainor, A., Worku, A., & Kumie, A. (2016). Level and determinants of food insecurity in East and West Gojjam zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A community based comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–13.
Mukhopadhyay, D. K., & Biswas, A. (2011). Food security and anthropometric failure among tribal children in Bankura, West Bengal. Indian Pediatrics, 48(4), 311–314.
Nurulfuadi, N., Ariani, A., Hartini, D. A., Aiman, U., Nadila, D., Rahman, A., & Husna, S. (2021). Permasalahan gizi pada anak balita pasca gempa: Studi kasus di Palu, Sigi, dan Donggala. Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(1), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v12i1.302
Pemprov Sulteng. (2018). Laporan Finalisasi Data dan Informasi Bencana Gempa Bumi, Tsunami dan Likuifaksi di Sulawesi Tengah Per Tanggal 20 Des 2018.
Rosyadi, I., & Purnomo, D. (2012). Tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di desa tertinggal. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 13(2), 303–315.
Saaka, M., & Osman, S. M. (2013). Does Household Food Insecurity Affect the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children Aged 6–36 Months? International Journal of Population Research, 2013, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/304169
Salarkia, N., Abdollahi, M., Amini, M., & Neyestani, T. R. (2014). An adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale is a valid tool as a proxy measure of food access for use in urban Iran. Food Security, 6(2), 275–282.
Slater, T., & Birchall, S. J. (2022). Growing resilient: The potential of urban agriculture for increasing food security and improving earthquake recovery. Cities, 131, 103930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103930
Slopen, N., Fitzmaurice, G., Williams, D. R., & Gilman, S. E. (2010). Poverty, Food Insecurity, and the Behavior for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.018
Syafiq, A., Fikawati, S., & Gemily, S. C. (2022). Household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and semi-urban areas in Indonesia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 41(1), 1–8.
Taruvinga, A., Muchenje, V., & Mushunje, A. (2013). Determinants of rural household dietary diversity: The case of Amatole and Nyandeni districts, South Africa. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2(4), 2233–2247.
Thorne-Lyman, A. L., K. C., A., Manohar, S., Shrestha, B., Nonyane, B. A. S., Neupane, S., Bhandari, S., Klemm, R. D., Webb, P., & West, K. P. (2018). Nutritional resilience in Nepal following the earthquake of 2015. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0205438. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205438
United Nation. (2022). THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
Vogenthaler, N. S., Kushel, M. B., Hadley, C., Frongillo, E. A., Riley, E. D., Bangsberg, D. R., & Weiser, S. D. (2013). Food Insecurity and Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Homeless and Marginally Housed HIV-Infected Individuals in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior, 17(5), 1688–1693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0355-2
World Health Organization. (2019). Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS) country profile indicators: Interpretation guide (2nd ed). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332223
Yusuf, A. M., Tenrisau, D., Hidayanti, H., Ibrahim, A. H., Bahar, A., Sarifudin, S., Tahir, Y., Adhyanti, A., & Alfiah, E. (2022). Family Vulnerability and Children’Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region, 5(2), 74–82.
Adhyanti, A., Hafid, F., Sasmita, H., & Yusuf, A. (2022). Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Rumah Tangga Penyitas Bencana Pasca 4 Tahun Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami Kota Palu. Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.22487/ghidza.v6i2.561
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