Asupan Omega-6 Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Puskesmas Cadasari, Pandeglang
Article History
Submited : December 23, 2020
Published : July 2, 2021
Omega-6 merupakan salah satu asupan zat gizi dari jenis Esensial Fatty Acid (EFA) yang sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan tubuh dan otak. Omega-6 yang memiliki peran dalam membentuk sistem imunitas dan perkembangan otak pada janin dan harus dipernuhi sejak awal kehamilan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis asupan omega-6 pada ibu hamil serta mendalami jenis makanan dan bahan pangan lokal yang sering dikonsumsi dan merupakan sumber pangan omega-6. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, dan data diperoleh dengan wawancara kepada responden menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik, food recall dan FFQ semi-quantitative 6 bulan terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata asupan omega-6 ibu hamil trimester 3 sebesar 4,61 gram per hari. Jenis makanan yang merupakan sumber omega-6 adalah tahu, tempe, ati ampela ayam, ikan mas, dan daging ayam. Frekuensi konsumsi sumber makanan tersebut yaitu 3-4 kali per minggu. Rata-rata asupan omega-6 pada ibu hamil masih sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan anjurkan AKG yaitu 14 gram per hari. Oleh karena itu, perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mengonsumsi lebih banyak sumber makanan yang mengandung omega-6 pada ibu hamil sesuai dengan status kehamilan.
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Simopoulos, A. P. (2010). The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: Health implications. Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 17(5), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2010.0325
Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2010). Fatty acids from fish: The anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews, 68(5), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x
Al-Hinai, M., Baylin, A., Tellez-Rojo, M. M., Cantoral, A., Ettinger, A., Solano-González, M., Peterson, K. E., & Perng, W. (2018). Maternal intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during mid-pregnancy is inversely associated with linear growth. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 9(4), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174418000193
Bernard, J. Y., De Agostini, M., Forhan, A., de Lauzon-Guillain, B., Charles, M. A., Heude, B., Annesi-Maesano, I., Botton, J., Charles, M. A., Dargent-Molina, P., De Agostini, M., de Lauzon-Guillain, B., Ducimetière, P., Foliguet, B., Forhan, A., Fritel, X., Germa, A., Goua, V., Hankard, R., … Thiebaugeorges, O. (2013). The dietary n6:n3 fatty acid ratio during pregnancy is inversely associated with child neurodevelopment in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Journal of Nutrition, 143(9), 1481–1488. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.178640
Cetin, I., Alvino, G., & Cardellicchio, M. (2009). Long chain fatty acids and dietary fats in fetal nutrition. J Physiol, 587(14), 3441–3451. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.173062
Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2014). Preconception care: Nutritional risks and interventions. Reproductive Health, 11(Suppl 3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-S3-S3
Dziechciarz, P., Horvath, A., & Szajewska, H. (2010). Effects of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and/or Lactation on Neurodevelopment and Visual Function in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 29(5), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2010.10719881
Gómez Candela, C., Bermejo López, L. M., & Loria Kohen, V. (2011). Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health. Nutritional recommendations. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 26(2), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2011.26.2.5117
Hadi, D. R., & Bardosono, S. (2015). Kadar Asam Lemak Omega-3 Dan Omega-6 Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester-1 Dan Hubungannya Dengan Status Gizi Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuhnya.
Harris, W. S., Mozaffarian, D., Rimm, E., Kris-Etherton, P., Rudel, L. L., Appel, L. J., Engler, M. M., Engler, M. B., & Sacks, F. (2009). Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: A science advisory from the American Heart Association nutrition subcommittee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism; council on cardiovascular nursing; and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation, 119(6), 902–907. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191627
Kapalka, G. M. (2010). Substances Involved in Neurotransmission. In Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents (pp. 71–99). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374927-7.00004-2
Meyer, B. J., Mann, N. J., Lewis, J. L., Milligan, G. C., Sinclair, A. J., & Howe, P. R. C. (2003). Dietary intakes and food sources of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids, 38(4), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-003-1074-0
Ni`mah Khoirun, & Nadhiroh, S. R. (2015). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10(1), 13–19.
Nurbaity, A. D., Candra, A., & Fitranti, D. Y. (2019). Faktor Risiko Hiperemesis Gravidarum Pada Ibu Hamil Di Semarang. Journal of Nutrition College, 8(3), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v8i3.25801
Paramaiswari, W. N. (2016). Analisis Asupan Lemak dan Asam Lemak Esensial pada Ibu Hamil di Indonesia berdasarkan Studi Diet Total. IPB.
Patterson, E., Wall, R., Fitzgerald, G. F., Ross, R. P., & Stanton, C. (2012). Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/539426
Pritasari, Damayanti, D., & Lestari, nugraheni tri. (2017). Gizi Dalam Daur Kehidupan. Kemenkes.
Ramakrishnan, U., Grant, F., Goldenberg, T., Zongrone, A., & Martorell, R. (2012). Effect of Women’s Nutrition before and during Early Pregnancy on Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 26(SUPPL. 1), 285–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01281.x
Robillard, P. Y., & Christon, R. (1993). Lipid Intake During Pregnancy in Developing Countries: Possible Effect of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Fetal Growth. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 48(2), 139–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-3278(93)90101-2
Saini, R. K., & Keum, Y. S. (2018). Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance—A review. In Life Sciences (Vol. 203, Issue 2017). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.049
Satriawan, E. (2018). Strategi Nasional Percepatan Pencegahan Stunting 2018-2024. In Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K) Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia (Issue November).
Simopoulos, A. P. (2010). The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: Health implications. Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 17(5), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2010.0325
Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2010). Fatty acids from fish: The anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews, 68(5), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x
Siregar, M., & Koerniawati, R. (2021). Asupan Omega-6 Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Puskesmas Cadasari, Pandeglang. Ghidza: Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 5(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22487/ghidza.v5i1.189
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