Retrospektif case control analisis pada anemia ibu hamil dengan luaran kelahiran bayi di Tuban, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v16i2.2185Keywords:
anemia ibu hamil, bayi baru lahir, outcome bayi baru lahirAbstract
Latar Belakang: Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Meskipun Indonesia kaya akan sumber daya pangan, tingginya angka anemia disebabkan oleh pola makan rendah zat besi dan kebiasaan yang menghambat penyerapan zat besi, seperti konsumsi teh setelah makan
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara anemia pada ibu hamil dengan luaran kelahiran bayi di Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus-kontrol retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis 96 ibu nifas yang melahirkan pada Januari hingga April 2025. Kelompok kasus terdiri dari ibu dengan kadar hemoglobin <11 g/dL, dan kelompok kontrol dengan Hb ≥11 g/dL. Luaran yang diamati meliputi berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), asfiksia neonatal, dan panjang badan bayi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Pearson.
Hasil: Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil sebesar 50%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia dengan kejadian BBLR (77,1%; p < 0,05) dan asfiksia neonatal (58,3%; p < 0,05). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia dengan panjang badan bayi saat lahir (p = 0,813).
Kesimpulan: Anemia pada ibu hamil, terutama pada trimester kedua dan ketiga, secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko BBLR dan asfiksia neonatus akibat hipoksia janin kronik. Diperlukan intervensi gizi, edukasi konsumsi makanan kaya zat besi, dan pemantauan kehamilan yang ketat untuk mencegah dampak buruk anemia terhadap ibu dan bayi.
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Luewan, Suchaya, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn Chattipakorn, and Theera Tongsong. 2024. “Fetal Anemia Causes Placental and Maternal Cellular Damage: A Lesson from Fetal Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease.” Placenta 149(March):72–77. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.03.011.
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Miller, Russell S., Jena L. Miller, Martha A. Monson, T. Flint Porter, Sarah G. Običan, and Lynn L. Simpson. 2024. “Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #72: Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome and Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 231(4):B16–37. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.07.017.
Nadhiroh, Siti Rahayu, Fedora Micheala, Serene En Hui Tung, and Theresia Chrisanthy Kustiawan. 2023. “Association between Maternal Anemia and Stunting in Infants and Children Aged 0–60 Months: A Systematic Literature Review.” Nutrition 115:112094. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112094.
Nyarko, Samuel H., Lucy T. Greenberg, George R. Saade, Ciaran S. Phibbs, Jeffrey S. Buzas, Scott A. Lorch, Jeannette Rogowski, Molly Passarella, and Nansi S. Boghossian. 2024. “Association between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Severe Maternal Morbidity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.” Annals of Epidemiology 100(October):10–15. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.10.006.
Orr, Colin J., Victor Ritter, Tumaini R. Coker, Eliana M. Perrin, and Kori B. Flower. 2022. “Time-Varying Associations between Food Insecurity and Infant and Maternal Health Outcomes.” Journal of Nutrition 152(5):1291–97. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxac020.
Qureshi, Naveen, Helen Orimoloye, Johnni Hansen, Chai Saechao, Jorn Olsen, Noah Federman, Xiwen Huang, Di He, Beate Ritz, and Julia E. Heck. 2023. “Maternal Anemia and Childhood Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Denmark.” Cancer Epidemiology 82(October 2022). doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102308.
Ramachandra, Deepashree Somanahalli, Ajith Kumar Uppunda, and Kumar Gavali Suryanarayana. 2023. “Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Newborn Babies with and without Late-Term Maternal Iron Deficiency Anaemia.” Journal of Otology 18(3):132–38. doi: 10.1016/j.joto.2023.05.005.
Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Regina, Raúl Juárez-Vela, José Antonio Garcia-Erce, Kapil Nanwani-Nanwani, Silvia González-Fernández, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Ignacio Larrayoz-Roldán, Alberto Tovar-Reinoso, Pablo del Pozo-Herce, Pilar Sanchez-Conde, Clara Isabel Tejada-Garrido, and Manuel Quintana-Diaz. 2025. “Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Health Outcomes: A Prospective Study, Spain, 2021–2022.” Heliyon 11(1). doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41565.
Santhakumar, Sreenithi, Rekha Athiyarath, Anne George Cherian, Vinod Joseph Abraham, Biju George, Paweł Lipiński, and Eunice Sindhuvi Edison. 2023. “Impact of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia on Fetal Iron Status and Placental Iron Transporters in Human Pregnancy.” Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 99(January). doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102727.
Schüssler, Stephanie C., Anna Paul, Undine Niederreiter, Ludger Deiters, Fabian B. Fahlbusch, Patrick Morhart, and Regina Trollmann. 2025. “Seizures in Preterm Infants with Germinal-Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage (GM-IVH): A Retrospective Monocentric Study on Predictors and Neurodevelopmental Outcome.” European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 56(November 2024):51–57. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2025.04.012.
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Published
2025-08-28
How to Cite
Purnama Sari, D. K. (2025). Retrospektif case control analisis pada anemia ibu hamil dengan luaran kelahiran bayi di Tuban, Indonesia. Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 16(2), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v16i2.2185
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